by Jim Catano

Table of contents

* A Path Begins
* LDS Doctrines Relating to Human Health
* Lifespan-Can I Lengthen “My Turn on Earth?”
* Is This a Question of “Right or Wrong” or Degrees?
* Has Emphasis on the Word of Wisdom Ever Changed?
* Are Mormons Ready to Step Up?
* Historic Baggage and the Current Social Climate
* Hyrum Smith-Removing “Beastly Appetites”
* Brigham Young-Blunt Counsel to Bless Lives
* George Q. Cannon-”Their Old Traditions Cling to Them”
* Lorenzo Snow-Seeing the Entire Revelation
* Joseph F. Smith-Putting Hunting for “Fun” in Perspective
* Heber J. Grant-an Example of Good Health
* John A. Widstoe-Adding the Confirmation of Science
* David O. McKay-Warning Against the Path of Least Resistance
* Joseph Fielding Smith-a Quiet Example
* Ezra Taft Benson- Seeking a “Daniel” Generation
* What’s Different About Our Day? Does D&C Section 49 Cancel Section 89?
* My Personal Choice and Testimony
* All Enjoy the Freedom of Agency
* Do You Believe These Promises?

In the Vegetarian & Vegan News…
James H. Catano | Mormon mailing list

The Word of Wisdom: the Forgotten Verses
A discussion of Latter-day Saint (LDS or Mormon) beliefs and vegetarian principles

by Jim Catano

Table of contents

* A Path Begins
* LDS Doctrines Relating to Human Health
* Lifespan-Can I Lengthen “My Turn on Earth?”
* Is This a Question of “Right or Wrong” or Degrees?
* Has Emphasis on the Word of Wisdom Ever Changed?
* Are Mormons Ready to Step Up?
* Historic Baggage and the Current Social Climate
* Hyrum Smith-Removing “Beastly Appetites”
* Brigham Young-Blunt Counsel to Bless Lives
* George Q. Cannon-”Their Old Traditions Cling to Them”
* Lorenzo Snow-Seeing the Entire Revelation
* Joseph F. Smith-Putting Hunting for “Fun” in Perspective
* Heber J. Grant-an Example of Good Health
* John A. Widstoe-Adding the Confirmation of Science
* David O. McKay-Warning Against the Path of Least Resistance
* Joseph Fielding Smith-a Quiet Example
* Ezra Taft Benson- Seeking a “Daniel” Generation
* What’s Different About Our Day? Does D&C Section 49 Cancel Section 89?
* My Personal Choice and Testimony
* All Enjoy the Freedom of Agency
* Do You Believe These Promises?

Author’s note:
I make no claim to represent the official position of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Any truths contained herein have been expressed previously by others. Any errors are my property and my responsibility.

Most of the quotes by LDS leaders appear in longer citations recorded in Dr. Kenneth Johnson’s wonderful book, Mormon Wisdom and Health formerly titled The Word of Wisdom Food Plan.

This talk was originally presented at the Northern Utah Health and Nutrition Conference on November 8, 1997 in Ogden, Utah.

A Path Begins

On an autumn day in 1992, I was stretched out on a sofa in front of the TV set feeling ill. I routinely suffered four or five cold or flu episodes each year and this was one of those times. Television can be an intellectual desert, but on that day a Dr. Marc Sorenson was being interviewed about his book MegaHealth. He was suggesting that a total vegetarian diet could not only reverse obesity and provide immunity against many infections but also drastically reduce the incidence of several degenerative diseases including diabetes, allergies, arthritis, heart disease and even cancer. He was so bold as to suggest that, in many cases, a plant-based diet could actually cure these modern plagues.

I probably would have dismissed his arguments except that what he was saying seemed, at the time, to be vaguely consistent with a health code that is part of my religious experience. That code is known as the Word of Wisdom among members of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints who are also called Mormons. The Church is commonly referred to as the LDS Church.

LDS Doctrines Relating to Human Health

A core belief for Latter-day Saints is that God speaks to individuals in the present day so they can be beneficiaries of divine revelation to guide their lives. The person who has been called to lead the Church as its president is regarded as a modern prophet who passes general revelations along to the Church at large. As such, modern prophets fulfill the same function as the prophets of Biblical times in that they communicate the will of God to humankind regarding its current circumstances.

Mormons believe that in 1833 God gave by divine revelation to the first of these modern prophets, Joseph Smith, Jr. a health code that came to be known as the Word of Wisdom. Some might question why a health code, something that seems more earthly than spiritual, should be part of a religious observance in the first place. Mormon theology is consistent with a health code for several reasons.

First, the Mormon cosmology, or the Mormon view of the nature of the universe, does not divide the physical from the spiritual as separate or conflicting elements. In fact, in an 1830 LDS revelation, the Lord is quoted as saying, “…all things unto me are spiritual, and not at any time have I given unto you a law which was temporal…” (Doctrine and Covenants 29:34)

In such a context, the physical becomes a sub-set, or a small part of, the larger realm which is spiritual so that all of God’s laws take on a spiritual significance even if they are concerned with seemingly temporal things like food or physical health. LDS doctrine is quite specific about the importance of overcoming earthly appetites especially those that lead to over-consumption, compulsion and which can be detrimental to health thereby causing physical and consequently spiritual damage.

Lifespan-Can I Lengthen “My Turn on Earth?”

Another aspect of LDS theology which supports a health code is that the time allotted on earth for this mortal life is absolutely critical to individual spiritual progression and must be used wisely. A verse recorded in the Book of Mormon, which is a companion volume to the Bible recorded in ancient America, says “…wo unto him…that wasteth the days of his probation, for awful is his state!” (2 Nephi 9:27)

It is believed that the first fully human inhabitants of earth, Adam and Eve, could have lived indefinitely inside the Garden of Eden had they not transgressed a commandment that had to do with what they chose to eat. Even after having been driven from the garden, however, Adam and Eve and their descendants down to Noah seemed to enjoy a maximum life span of almost 1,000 years. The eldest was Methuselah who is reported to have died at 969 years of age. Just before the Great Flood, however, God announced to Noah that after the flood the life span of man would be further reduced “…yet his days shall be an hundred and twenty years.” (Genesis 6:3)

Only in a few remote places on earth today do people attain the age of 120 with any regularity. In our so-called sophisticated, medically advanced society, average life span is little more than 75 years. Interestingly, a Biblical psalmist recorded 2,400 years ago, and some 1,500 years after the flood, that life spans were then down to “threescore years and ten,” which is 70 (a score being 20) “…and if by reason of strength they be fourscore years” or 80 “yet is their strength labour and sorrow, for it is soon cut off, and we fly away.” (Psalms 90:10)

Isn’t it fascinating that a psalmist lamented that his people were only living from 70 to 80 years, a life span typical of our modern era. Maybe that’s what Brigham Young, the second prophet of the LDS Church who led the pioneer saints across the plains, had in mind when he said, “It is an unusual circumstance to see a man a hundred years old, or a woman ninety. The people have laid the foundation of short life through their diet.” (Discourses of Brigham Young, p. 187)

Is a life span of 120 years realistically attainable in these days? Credible, current, scientific research shows that not only is it possible but, if we are willing to pay the price by strictly monitoring what we put into our mouths and other lifestyle choices, we can actually enjoy our extended years in vibrant health while engaging in a full range of activities we now associate with youth or with middle age.

The quest for a longer, healthier life is fully consistent with the LDS view of mortality being a probationary period that is not to be wasted but used joyfully and in service to others and in preparation to meet God. Other LDS doctrines embody the principles of stewardship and accountability being given and expected of the children of God concerning their bodies as well as with their other possessions and gifts.

Is This a Question of “Right and Wrong” or Degrees?

An interesting aspect of LDS theology is that many things are considered to be on a continuum rather than in a cut and dried, black or white, right or wrong dichotomy. For example, in the LDS view of eternity there is no one Heaven or one Hades into which all of humanity is sent to either enjoy endless bliss or suffer eternal torment. Rather, the two spheres of paradise and hell are temporary abodes which immediately follow death where most spirits continue to prepare for an eternity in which there is a wide-range of dwelling places each with a greater or lesser degree of light, knowledge and reward.

With that in mind, it is easier to understand why the LDS Church is not especially heavy-handed in its enforcement of principles like the Word of Wisdom health code. While it is true that tobacco or alcohol users cannot hold most Church offices or attend special non-Sabbath day services in LDS temples, the dietary aspects of the Word of Wisdom are left up to individuals to discover for themselves when they become ready.

This tolerant atmosphere allows for a greater exercise of individual agency–another vital LDS principle. Someone who is out of conformance on an issue like the Word of Wisdom, therefore, is not so much considered a candidate for eternal torment but an unfortunate soul who is missing out on the blessings and rewards, both earthly and eternal, that come from adherence. Possibly, this is why Church leaders are only gradually making adherence to the Word of Wisdom an expected component of LDS behavior.

Has Emphasis on the Word of Wisdom Ever Changed?

Obviously, in 1833 there wasn’t much scientific evidence to reinforce the wisdom of abstinence from coffee and black tea (referred to as hot drinks in the revelation) and tobacco and alcohol. In fact, the popular notion was that those products offered more benefit than they did harm. Many Church members were overwhelmed by the major sacrifices they were being called on to make. One can imagine how these seemingly meaningless restrictions, but ones that required dropping lifelong habits, met with resistance. Soon after it was revealed, Joseph Smith felt the need to soften the impact of the Word of Wisdom by adding an introduction. The first three verses added after-the-fact and recorded in Section 89 of the book of Doctrine and Covenants then invited Word of Wisdom observance, “not by commandment or constraint” but by “greeting.” (D&C 89:2)

Gradually, as more emphasis was given to this revelation, a minimum standard of abstinence from the four listed stimulants and depressants was adopted, and the Word of Wisdom was eventually accepted as binding on the Church membership through a vote of common consent. However, adherence has rarely been enforced by any strict disciplinary measures.

Are Mormons Ready to Step Up?

In my opinion (and I repeat that this is not in any way an official policy of the Church), it seems that Latter-day Saints may now be poised to embark on an even higher level of compliance to the principles of the Word of Wisdom. During a semi-annual world conference, the current president and prophet, Gordon B. Hinckley, admonished, “We must observe the Word of Wisdom. As we read our newspapers, as we watch the television news, these remarkable words first spoken in 1833 come to life before our very eyes…People are becoming more health conscious. We have a running start on the world, a code so simple and easily understood.” (Ensign, November 1997, pg. 69)

President Hinckley went on to show that even the current level of compliance to the Word of Wisdom affords an additional 10 years of life to Mormons who don’t smoke or drink alcohol. I note, however, that this still falls far short of the 120 years possible for humans. One very disturbing trend is that Latter-day Saints are succumbing to degenerative illnesses like heart disease and cancer in ever increasing numbers (see the graphic in Church News, October 25, 1995, p. 12). I’ll grant that other environmental factors also play a part, but Mormons could do much better with the variables that are within their control. President Hinckley had stated previously, “I regret that we as a people do not live [the Word of Wisdom] more fully.” (Ensign, May 1990, p. 51)

Mormons believe in seeking individual inspiration to confirm that which is spoken from the pulpit. Therefore, it behooves each Latter-day Saint to prayerfully ask him or herself, “Is President Hinckley suggesting that I pay more attention to verses 10 through 15 of the Word of Wisdom?” Those passages in Doctrine and Covenants Section 89 read:

“…all wholesome herbs,” or plants as the footnote explains, “God hath ordained for the constitution, nature and use of man–

“Every herb in the season thereof, and every fruit in the season thereof; all these to be used with prudence and thanksgiving.

“Yea, flesh also of beasts and of the fowls of the air, I , the Lord, have ordained for the use” and please note–NOT for the constitution, nature and use as was said of the plants but merely for the use “of man with thanksgiving, nevertheless they are to be used sparingly;

“and it is pleasing unto me that they should not be used, only in times of winter, or of cold, or famine.

“All grain is ordained for the use of man and of beasts, to be the staff of life, not only for man but for the beasts of the field, and all wild animals that run or creep on the earth;

“And these” in repetition of the admonition to limit the eating of animal flesh “God made for the use of man only in times of famine and excess of hunger.”

Historic Baggage and the Current Social Climate

Despite the fact that the Word of Wisdom was recorded in 1833, the economic evolution of the American West brought many early Latter-day Saints, like their neighbors, into the livestock and dairy trades. This continues to this day, and I count several of those good, hard-working, honest people as friends. However, as more Americans move away from meat and dairy products in favor of healthier options, it will certainly bring more financial hardship on these good people whose careers are wholly dedicated to and whose fortunes are sometimes completely invested into land and equipment to raise livestock. I, for one, wish them the very best as they strive to find better uses for their lands and their energies.

I state firmly that no Latter-day Saint who has made a change for better health has the right to judge harshly others who have not. Each is on the path at a different point and the decision to move ahead, backward or to stay put is strictly an individual one. I also state emphatically, however, that the idea of not eating the flesh of animals except for emergencies has NOT gone completely unstressed in LDS teaching since 1833.

Hyrum Smith-Removing “Beastly Appetites”

Hyrum Smith, brother of the prophet Joseph and Patriarch to the Church, wrote in 1842 in the Times and Seasons, which was then an official Church publication… “God…knows what course to pursue to restore mankind to…pristine excellency and primitive vigour, and health; and He has appointed the Word of Wisdom as one of the engines to bring about this thing, to remove the beastly appetites, the murderous disposition and the vitiated taste of man, to restore his body and vigour, promote peace between him and the brute creation, and as one of the little wheels in God’s design, to help to regulate the great machinery, which shall eventually,” and I call your attention to the word ‘eventually,’ “revolutionize the earth, and bring about the restoration of all things.” (Times and Seasons 3:799-801)

He went on to say, “let them be sparing of the life of animals” it sounds like for Hyrum it went beyond just a matter of just human physical health, doesn’t it? “let them be sparing of the life of animals, it is pleasing saith the Lord that flesh be used only in times of winter, or of famine.”

Hyrum wrote in summation, “Let these things be adhered to; let us lay aside our folly and abide by the commandments of God; so shall we be blessed of the great Jehovah in time and eternity; we shall be healthy, strong and vigorous; we shall be enabled to resist disease; and wisdom will crown our councils, and our bodies will become strong and powerful, our progeny will become mighty, and will rise up and call us blessed…. We shall prepare ourselves for the purposes of Jehovah.” (Times & Seasons 3:799-801)

Hyrum’s position is completely consistent with that of his brother, the Prophet Joseph Smith, who edited certain Bible passages to correct inaccuracies he said occurred because of mistranslations over time. One of particular interest is found in Genesis which in today’s biblical versions seems to suggest that the vegetarian diet practiced for 2,500 years by Adam and the other ancient patriarchs was replaced by God with an omnivorous diet in the time of Noah. However, Joseph Smith added a clear cautionary warning to the text. Genesis 9: 11 of the Joseph Smith Translation (found on page 797 of the current LDS biblical index section) reads, “…surely, blood shall not be shed, only for meat, to save your lives; and the blood of every beast will I require at your hands.”

Brigham Young-Blunt Counsel to Bless Lives

Unfortunately, the prophetic vision of Joseph and Hyrum Smith was not quickly fulfilled. In 1855, Brigham Young chastised the saints by saying, “The fathers and mothers have laid the foundation for many of these diseases, from generation to generation, until the people are reduced to their present condition…. The people have laid the foundation of short life through their diet, their rest, their labor, and their doing this, that, and the other in a wrong manner, with improper motives, and at improper times. I would be glad to tell mothers how to lay the foundation of health in their children, that they may be delivered…. Some say that ‘this is a miserable world, I do not care how soon I get through.’ Well, go and destroy yourselves, if you choose; you have all the opportunity that you can desire…Latter-day Saints who live merely to get ready to die are not worth much; rather get ready to live, and be prepared to live to the glory of your Father in Heaven and to do the work He has given you to do.” (Journal of Discourses 2:269-71)

George Q. Cannon-”Their Old Traditions Cling to Them”

A quorum of 12 apostles helps direct the affairs of the LDS Church, and in 1892, Apostle and First Counselor George Q. Cannon stated, “Our religion impresses upon us the importance of taking care of our bodies. There is a carelessness and an indifference even among us that are not found among many well-informed people in the world. Many of the Saints do not seem to be alive to the importance of those laws which pertain to well-being and preservation of the health and strength of the body. Their old traditions cling to them.” (Juvenile Instructor 27, May 15, 1892, pp. 690-91)

Elder Cannon understood human psychology and knew how difficult it is to change old habits (at least until we form new ones which then become rather easy to maintain). He saw the importance of having a personal testimony of the truth of principles before they can be easily implemented. He stated, “If I do not see the evils that result from eating meats to excess, and the benefits that would result from abstaining, what anybody else may see would only have a temporary effect upon me. I must feel in my own heart that it is injurious to me to indulge in these things; there must be a well settled conviction within me that this is the case.” (Journal of Discourses 12:44-45)

Elder Cannon also knew that one of the techniques we humans resort to in order to talk ourselves out of following the word of God is rationalization. He said, “The question arises…’What then are we to eat if we drop swine’s flesh’,” (note: several of the early saints, like the Children of Israel, did not eat pig flesh at all) ” ‘What then are we to eat if we drop swine’s flesh and eat very little beef or mutton…why, dear me, we shall starve to death.’ In conversation with one of the brethren the other day, the brother remarked ‘the diet of the poor is principally bread and meat, and if they dispense with meat, they will be reduced to very hard fare.’ I reasoned with him…that other articles of food could be raised more cheaply and in greater variety than the flesh of animals. It is an exceedingly difficult thing for most people to break off and discontinue cherished and long standing habits.” But Elder Cannon also emphasized the benefits, “We can have variety in diet, and yet have simplicity. We can have a diet that will be easily prepared, and yet have it healthful. We can have a diet that will be tasteful, nutritious and delightful to us and easy to digest…” (Journal of Discourses 12:221-4)

Lorenzo Snow-Seeing the Entire Revelation

Other prophets and apostles have been less publicly vocal than Elder Cannon yet carried the same convictions within themselves. Concerning the Word of Wisdom, Lorenzo Snow is reported to have paid “special attention to that part which relates to the use of meat, which he considered just as strong as that which related to the use of liquors and hot drinks.” Elder Snow “was convinced that the killing of animals when unnecessary was wrong and sinful, and that it was not right to neglect one part of the Word of Wisdom and be too strenuous in regard to other parts.” (Journal History, 5 May 1893, pp. 2-3)

One hundred years ago, in a meeting of the church leadership, then-Apostle Lorenzo Snow “introduced the subject of the Word of Wisdom, expressing the opinion that it was violated as much or more in the improper use of meat as in other things, and thought the time was near at hand when the Latter-day Saints should be taught to refrain from meat eating and the shedding of animal blood.” (Journal History, 11 March 1897 p. 2) Maybe the time Lorenzo Snow foresaw a century ago is now upon us now.

Joseph F. Smith-Putting Hunting for “Fun” in Perspective

Several prophets have spoken out against sport hunting. Joseph F. Smith said in 1913, “I do not believe any man should kill animals or birds unless he ‘needs’ them for food…I think it is wicked for men to thirst in their souls to kill almost everything which possess life. It is wrong, and I have been surprised at prominent men who I have seen whose very souls seemed to be athirst for the shedding of animal blood. They go off hunting deer, antelope, elk, anything they can find, and what for? ‘Just for the fun of it!’ I am a firm believer… in the simple words of one of the poets: ‘Take not away the life you cannot give, for all things have an equal right to live’.” (Juvenile Instructor 48:309)

In a later statement that was quoted again by two other prophets, President Joseph F. Smith said, “We are a part of life and should study carefully our relationship to it. We should be in sympathy with it, and not allow our prejudices to create a desire for its destruction. The unnecessary destruction of life begets a spirit of destruction which grows within the soul. It lives by what it feeds upon and robs man of the love that he should have for the works of God. It hardens the heart of man… The unnecessary destruction of life is a distinct spiritual loss to the human family. Men cannot worship the Creator and look with careless indifference upon his creation. The love of all life helps man to the enjoyment of a better life. …Love of nature is akin to the love of God, the two are inseparable.” (Juvenile Instructor, April 1918, p. 182-3)

Heber J. Grant-an Example of Good Health

Back to the subject of human health, President Heber J. Grant stated, “I think that another reason I have very splendid strength for an old man is that during the years we have had a cafeteria… I have not, with exception of not more than a dozen times, ordered meat of any kind. …I have endeavored to live the Word of Wisdom and that, in my opinion, is one reason for my good health.” (Conference Report, April 1937, p. 15)

John A. Widstoe-Adding the Confirmation of Science

One of the most brilliant scholars to ever serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles was John A. Widtsoe who had the additional perspective of a scientist as to the merits of a plant-based diet. He wrote in a book on the Word of Wisdom, “It was shown in the history of plant science that plants contain all the necessary food substances: proteins, fats, starches and the carbohydrates, minerals…water [and] vitamins. The Great builder of the earth provided well for the physical needs of His children. Countless varieties of edible plants, vegetables, cereals, fruits and nuts are yielded by Mother Nature for man’s daily food. If one uses meat it must be used sparingly and in winter or famine only…. They who wish to be well and gain the promised reward stated in the Word of Wisdom must obey all of the law, not just part of it as suits their whim or their appetite, or their notion of its meaning.” (The Word of Wisdom, a Modern Interpretation, 1950)

Just as it was 50 years ago, some Church members today still resist a full embrace of the principles of their divinely inspired health code. Sadly, some even resent the efforts of others who attempt to rise above the current LDS cultural norm, and they sometimes label as “fanatics” those who try to pursue a higher course. In defense of those Latter-day Saints who have a special awareness of health and nutrition, Elder Widtsoe said, “one with an intelligent interest in food and good life habits is in no sense a faddist or ‘crank.’ Indeed, every one should have such a sound fundamental knowledge of nutrition.” (The Word of Wisdom, a Modern Interpretation, 1950)

David O. McKay-Warning Against the Path of Least Resistance

Of course, it is always easier to walk the path of the majority and to turn deaf ears to that which might make one appear different from others. President David O. McKay said, however, “Too many members move along the lines of least resistance and yield to a craving appetite developed by disobedience to the Word of Wisdom of God, thus depriving themselves of spiritual as well as physical strength… Neither the Church nor the world at large can hear too much about the Word of Wisdom.” (Improvement Era, 1953, p. 376)

Joseph Fielding Smith-a Quiet Example

Be aware that LDS people who choose to abandon the eating of animal flesh in search of better health and peace with the animal kingdom do not walk that path alone. President Joseph Fielding Smith’s wife, Jesse Evans Smith, said, “my husband doesn’t eat meat” and he felt a “disdain of meat and (a) love of vegetables.” (Brigham Young University Daily Universe, May 6, 1971, p. 1)

Ezra Taft Benson-Seeking a “Daniel” Generation

Ezra Taft Benson, who became not only president of the Church but had also served as the U.S. Secretary of Agriculture in the Eisenhower administration, has been described similarly during his later years by his private nurse, a personal friend of mine. President Benson had said, “In general, the more food we eat in its natural state and the less it is refined without additives, the healthier it will be for us.” (Ensign 4:66, 1974)

Elder Benson obviously felt some frustration about how well Americans do in their eating habits because he once observed, “To a significant degree, we are an overfed and undernourished nation digging an early grave with our teeth, and lacking the energy that could be ours…. We need a generation of young people who, as Daniel, eat in a more healthy manner than to fare on the ‘kings meat’ —and whose countenances show it.” (Teachings of Ezra Taft Benson pp. 476-7) His reference, of course, is to the biblical Daniel who, as a student in the Babylonian royal court, opted for simple vegetarian food and whose superior health quickly became visible to others. See Daniel, Chapter 1 in the Old Testament or the wonderful account in Antiquities of the Jews by Josephus, Book 10, Chapter 10, verses 1-2 for details.

President Benson also remarked, “There is no question that the health of the body affects the spirit, or the Lord would never have revealed the Word of Wisdom…. Disease, fever and unexpected deaths are some of the consequences directly related to disobedience…. To a great extent, we are physically what we eat. Most of us are acquainted with some of the prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom…but what need additional emphasis are the positive aspects—the need for vegetables, fruits, and grain, particularly wheat. We need a generation of people who eat in a healthier manner.” (Ensign, September 1988, p. 5)

What’s Different About Our Day?

Nearly from the beginning of history there have been those who employ corruption for their own economic or political gain. The problem, according to Section 89, would continue to exist in our times. “In consequence of evils and designs which do and will exist in the hearts of conspiring men in the last days, I have warned you, and forewarn you, by giving you this word of wisdom…” Was that additional 1833 ‘forewarning’ meant specifically for us today? If so, are Mafia bosses, drug cartel gangsters, and alcohol and cigarette executives the only “conspiring men” who operate in our society? Is it possible that others may have respectable titles with legitimate companies? Is it possible that anyone who promotes a product which creates an habitual appetite or that is not health-giving is, at best, an unwitting accomplice of the conspirators? Is it possible to not be an evil person and yet be an ally to the conspiracy? Is, for example, the heart surgeon who performs what amounts to Roto-Rootor service on people’s arteries only to watch them go out and plug them up again and never teaches them to abandon their high fat diet an “accessory” to a conspiracy? Are medical schools that continue to superficially teach nutrition and prevention really part of the problem rather than the solution? I’m not answering these questions. I’m merely asking them. It’s up to you to find the answers.

However, if you are looking for evidence of what President Hinckley was talking about in October 1997 General Conference, you may want to go back through that stack of newspapers and magazines in your garage. While the advertisements from the cattle, dairy and egg industries continue to suggest that for breakfast you need some “incredible, edible eggs” and “beef is what’s for dinner” and, heaven forbid, don’t forget to ask if you’ve “got milk?” the news and feature stories in those publications are almost all telling you the exact opposite.

Almost daily there is an article and sometimes several that preach the wisdom of eating less fat, cutting down on meat or dairy, the dangers of food poisoning from animal products, etc. The press is getting it right this time, and President Hinckley, as is typical of his wisdom, seems to be turning the educational process over to church members themselves. There is less need to preach from LDS pulpits that which is becoming obvious to all who will open their minds and their hearts and will ask in the name of Jesus Christ for the self-discipline to change lifelong and vainly cherished habits.

Does D&C Section 49 Cancel Section 89?

If you choose to tread a similar path, be aware that you will encounter some Latter-day Saints who will ignorantly criticize you because they do not understand Section 49 of the Doctrine and Covenants and try to make it justify their own flesh-eating habits. They forget that this section was given two years before the Word of Wisdom (Section 89) and can’t see that 49:18 is actually a warning to those who would prohibit others from abstaining from eating flesh rather than a condemnation of those who do abstain.

There is understandable reason for honest confusion on this point. First, there is an error in a footnote in the present edition of the LDS scriptures which suggests that “biddeth” means “forbiddeth.” However, just as “left” surely does not mean “right,” nor does “good” mean “bad,” to “bid” someone does not mean the same as to “forbid” someone. “I bid you to come to my house” is the exact opposite of “I forbid you to come to my house.” The inaccurate footnote prompts us to incorrectly believe that the person who asks another to abstain from meats is not ordained of God. However, the original scripture (which was published for 148 years without that footnote) teaches that he who forbids others to abstain from meats is the one who is not ordained of God. Furthermore, if forbid really meant bid it would alter 49:15 to also condemn “whoso ‘biddeth’ to marry.”

Another component of the confusion is that some readers believe the clause “that man should not eat the same” is some sort of quotation by an imagined and unidentified vegetarian heretic. I suggest that it is really a modifying clause that clarifies what it means to “abstain from meats.” In other words, the passage could be interpreted, “Whoever forbids others to abstain from meats, “others” being those who believe that humans should not eat animal flesh, is not ordained of God to forbid them.” This is consistent with the context of the rest of the section that instructed a non-LDS, Shaker community how it might modify its beliefs to be consistent with Mormon theology. On some points Shaker and LDS doctrine were poles apart, but on the this point Joseph Smith seems to have been telling the vegetarian Shakers that they would not be compelled by LDS leaders to eat meat if they were to convert to Mormonism.

This interpretation is fully consistent with verse 19 which says that the beasts, the fowls, and “that which cometh of the earth” are all ordained to provide food and clothing. Logically, isn’t it much more productive to shear a sheep each year for wool than to kill it and have the use of its body only once? Doesn’t it make more sense to use your ox to pull your wagon and your plow and provide fertilizer for your crops year after year than to kill it and use its body only once? Don’t chickens and other fowl provide effective on-going pest control when allowed to live and patrol the farm? I can only speculate that “that which cometh OF the earth” may refer to earthworms, bacteria and other life forms within the soil that one would never eat directly but are vital to the successful growth of plants which, in turn, become a better direct source of food and fiber than the dead bodies animals.

On such a self-sustaining farm people can “have in abundance,” as 49:20 recommends, as there would be more production allowing for a greater and more even distribution of temporal resources. Remember the words of George Q. Cannon who explained that, “other articles of food could be raised more cheaply and in greater variety than the flesh of animals.” It takes from 5 to 12 pounds of grain when fed to livestock to produce one pound of meat. What better way for all to have abundantly than for humans to be eating the grain directly thus creating food for 5 to 12 times as many people. Wouldn’t that go a long way toward establishing a Zion society and eliminating the inequities of a worldly system in which one man “possess that which is above another?”

Only by interpreting these verses in this way is verse 21 consistent with the rest. It reads, “Wo be unto man that sheddeth blood or that wasteth flesh and hath no need.” Less than two years after, in Section 89, the Lord gave the guidelines as to when those situations of “need” occur which are “only in times of famine and excess of hunger.”

My Personal Choice and Testimony

In November of 1992, I decided to take the Word of Wisdom at face value. I gradually gave up eating meat and had just one bite of turkey on the next two Thanksgivings to prove to my grown children that I had not become a “fanatic.” Since then, however, I guess I have become a “fanatic” and have given up eating all forms of animal flesh. I try to avoid dairy products and eat eggs only occasionally. Like Joseph F. Smith, I have come to believe that a loving Creator is concerned with the welfare of all his living creations and not just His human spirit-children. I believe that the Lord prefers that we kill and eat animals only to save our lives in true emergencies. If I am ever confronted with famine, I will certainly consider eating animal flesh just as the Word of Wisdom allows.

I don’t believe, however, that what I call “the cold weather escape clause” (D&C 89:13) currently applies to me. According to the thermostats on the wall of my home, office, in my car, and everywhere else I go, for all my body knows it lives on a subtropical island year round. I certainly don’t have the excuse of the pioneer saints who had below-zero winds blowing through the chinks of their poorly heated cabins. Eating meat for them may have been essential for survival. It certainly is NOT for me.

I am a witness that health improves when one abandons the standard American diet in favor of one based on a more literal reading of the Word of Wisdom. Those four or five yearly colds and bouts of flu don’t visit me any more. Occasionally, if I feel symptoms coming on, I take a clove of garlic and a few herbs and in the morning the symptoms are gone. I no longer suffer chronic low-back and neck pain. A case of plantar’s warts that plagued me for almost ten years, despite using every medical treatment available, disappeared within three months after changing my diet. People who haven’t seen me in some time think I’ve discovered a reverse-aging process, and those who don’t know me are surprised to learn that I’m a grandfather as most think I’m in my mid 30′s. I now weigh what I did in high school, the wrinkles around my eyes have lessened, and even my hair texture has improved.

Nevertheless, I am also very much aware that I’m in still the process of learning the full meaning of the Word of Wisdom. I sense that I’m on that continuum spoken of earlier and that I’m taking small steps towards a higher goal I still can’t even fully see. I cannot say, for instance, that I always grow or select, combine and prepare my plant-based foods in the most health-giving way or eat them in the ideal amounts.

I also realize that the current Word of Wisdom is a “scaled down” version of what a loving Father in Heaven would give us if we were capable of living it. Verse 3 of Section 89 clearly declares that this revelation has been, “adapted” (and that, of course, means that it has been modified) “to the capacity of the weakest of all saints.” My desire is to implement this “adapted” version of the health code and then be willing to advance to the Lord’s full-blown version when it becomes available.

All Enjoy the Freedom of Agency

I once felt compelled by certain circumstances to ask the First Presidency of the Church if my vegetarian lifestyle was consistent with current LDS doctrine. Understandably, their response is not a wholesale endorsement of vegetarianism, but I received a letter that states, “If members of the Church prefer not to eat meat, that is their privilege.” That brief statement makes it clear to me that the free exercise of individual agency is alive and well in the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Its members are taught correct principles and allowed to govern themselves, and they are given new and higher principles as they are mentally and spiritually prepared to take the next step.

Let us remember the words of Isaiah, “Whom shall he teach knowledge? and whom shall he make to understand doctrine? them that are weaned from milk, and drawn from the breasts. For precept must be upon precept, precept upon precept; line upon line, line upon line; here a little, there a little.” (Isaiah 28:9,10) I take great joy in seeing the gradual, line upon line fulfillment of an 1833 prophetic prescription for health in my own life and in the lives of my family members and friends.

Do You Believe These Promises?

There comes a time when all Latter-day Saints must ask themselves if they really believe the words they claim to have been inspired by God. Doctrine & Covenants 89: 18-21 makes these promises:

“…all saints who remember to keep and do these sayings, walking in obedience to the commandments,” (let us NEVER forget that this is NOT just about food) “shall receive health in their navel and marrow to their bones;

“and shall find wisdom and great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures;” (and I take that to mean that there are some things about the Word of Wisdom, the Gospel of Christ, and about ourselves that we can NOT possibly know until we become exact in our performance of that principle.)

“and shall run and not be weary, and shall walk and not faint,” (and how many Latter-day Saints beyond their early 20′s can currently pass that test?)

“and I, the Lord, give unto them a promise, that the destroying angel shall pass by them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them.”

Most current Latter-day doctrinal instruction focuses on spiritual salvation. Based on the Word of Wisdom, however, it seems that those who follow the exact truths of this divinely inspired prophecy will also be given a shield against the sword of the angel of destruction even unto their “temporal salvation.” (Doctrine & Covenants 89:2)

Elder George Q. Cannon warned, “Pestilence of various kinds which we are led to expect through the word of the Lord are yet to break forth…will have their effect in calling the Saints’ attention to those laws of life and health.” (Juvenile Instructor 27, May 15, 1892, pp. 690-1) I personally believe that those plagues may have already begun to unfold as the infectious and degenerative illnesses of our times, but Elder Cannon summarized the joyous antidote to this ominous specter. “This revealed Word of Wisdom embodies the most advanced principles of science in the condemnation of unclean or gluttonous appetites; and if it were implicitly obeyed by the human family, it would be a power to aid in a physical redemption of the race.”

I believe he was right. Do you?

Articles about Mormomism and Vegetarianism
or you may contact the author at jimcatano@gmail.com

The Word of Wisdom: A Commentary on D&C 89

Hugh Nibley

December 1979 Gospel Doctrine Class, Manavu Ward

The Word of Wisdom: A Commentary on D&C 89

Hugh Nibley

December 1979 Gospel Doctrine Class, Manavu Ward

The Word of Wisdom is so familiar that we can get through this in a hurry, except for a few neglected patches. First, it’s a greeting, not by commandment or constraint, but a word of wisdom, the order and will of God for the temporal salvation for all Saints in these last days. The covenants you make are eternal, but you’re not going to be worried about tea, coffee and tobacco in the world hereafter. In the ages to come I don’t think smoking will be a serious problem with any of us. In fact, it isn’t even now, as far as that goes. It’s a temporal law to supply us during this life, and this is the way it was taken.

The Word of Wisdom doesn’t belong to the order of the eternal Gospel. It is temporal and temporary but no less the will of God. We do not covenant and promise to keep the Word of Wisdom, because our promises and covenants are eternal. But we are bound while we’re here, so it is not secondary in importance. However, we often make a big fuss about the Word of Wisdom while ignoring the other commandments. President Joseph F. Smith used to say that we make the Word of Wisdom a subject of religious hobbyism. “As long as I keep the Word of Wisdom—that’s the thing,” someone may say, and then preach that and nothing else. That is not the fullness of the Gospel. It is a minimal requirement—a principle with a promise—a first step: No great achievement but you get a reward for it. Others keep it better than we do. For example, on the whole the Seventh Day Adventists are better keepers of the Word of Wisdom than we are, but it’s not the Gospel.

We have been warned and forewarned against the evil designs which do and will exist in the hearts of conspiring men. Today this is recognized as the promotion of harmful products. But where do we draw the line of harmful products? And where do we strike a balance between harmful products and the money they bring in? Do you remember the time when all watches had luminescent dials on them? It was a great blessing to be able to see the time in the dark. But what did we ever do with luminous dials? We junked them, because the disadvantage of radioactivity was greater than the advantage of luminescence. People were saying we couldn’t get along without it, but we have been getting along without it. It’s the same with exhortations in the Word of Wisdom. How can we do without certain things?

Wine and strong drink are only for the sacrament. Make your own. Tobacco you may use only for medicine. Discover its use by experimentation. Dr. Marv Roberson, trainer, uses tobacco quite a bit for sprains and bruises quite effectively, but it is to be used with judgement and skill. Skill means experience. (There’s your wisdom again.) President Joseph F. Smith says the Word of Wisdom means just that—”wisdom.” You use your wisdom. A commandment, on the other hand, means “You must do this!” A Word of Wisdom you must judge for yourself. Heber C. Kimball included chocolate and cocoa among the hot drinks, but then they drank them extremely hot. When they said hot, they meant hot!

All wholesome herbs. Well, what makes the herb wholesome? For the constitution, use and nature of man. Ah, but you must know how. Every herb in the season, every fruit in the season. Joseph Fielding Smith used to say, “Well, we put up our preserves, we freeze our vegetables . . . when they are ripe.” We don’t freeze them and use them when they are green. Or when they are rotten. We freeze them in the proper season. That doesn’t mean that you’re supposed to only eat peas in the three weeks when the peas are perfect for picking. But you can freeze them. You can preserve them in the season, of course. You’re still eating them in the season and not taking them prematurely. We get such cranks in this business. Notice: “With prudence.” There’s the answer to the cranks, right there, for prudence means providence, foresight—and thanksgiving.

Meat sparingly. Again, sparing is a good word. It means “sparing Gods creatures.” It is to be used with thanksgiving and not with gluttony, which is one of the national weaknesses. (Overweight is one of our national diseases.) That’s gluttony, which is one of the seven deadly sins. You have a right to meat, according to the 49th section of the Doctrine and Covenants. The family who needs a deer to get through the winter have a right to that. The Lord will not deny them, but He is also pleased with those who forbear. They can eat meat only in times of starvation, winter, cold, famine. “Starve” means to die of cold as well as of famine. And the Saints need meat to see them through the winter and restore their fainting strength. Remember the miracle of the quails, for example. Game only in times of famine and excess of hunger. But the supplies are limited, and we cannot afford to hunt the year round, promiscuously. At the first sight of buffalo in Iowa—the plain was covered with buffalo as far as the eye could see—Brigham Young called the brethren together and told them not to shoot one unless they absolutely need it. And this turned out to be a great blessing for them.

Grain is the staff of life—the underpinning of the whole cycle. The angiosperms are encapsulated, highly concentrated nourishment supplied from the insects right on up the food chain. (They like to share it with us, too.) It’s not an exclusive diet, though. We lean on it more than anything else, but verses 10 and 11 tell us the importance of herbs, of fruit, and of meat. They are essential, too. All grains, fruits, and berries are good for man. All must be processed in some way, however. The Indians used their berries and acorns a lot, but they had to process or wash them or they would be eating deadly poisons like cyanide and other things. If they didn’t process them, they found out by experience how to treat these things. They used a lot of things that we don’t think are useful at all. It’s amazing. Tommy Martin has spent his days looking for edible and useful herbs in that lot around his house. He found 128 plants and herbs growing right around his house that people use for some purpose of nutrition, medicine or otherwise. That just shows that they are all around us. But we don’t know anything about it—that’s something that takes a lot of skill.

And then the great promise. It is not included in mortality for man to be immune from suffering but it does guarantee that things will be as they should be. The main thing about the Word of Wisdom is that it represents a new way of life. We don’t realize this, but when we go back to the Journal of Discourses: tea, coffee, tobacco and liquor are all a part of our way of life, but they are luxuries, a form of indulgence, a form of gracious living. The Saints need to break away from that. They are things we really don’t need because they are stimulants or narcotics. The early Saints were forced to give them up when they ran out of supplies. The Saints in St. George had no trouble at all with the Word of Wisdom because they couldn’t get any of the stuff. They adopted the Word of Wisdom, and it worked. In other words, they were forced into a new way of life. There’s a new book that’s just come out on alcohol in American history. In the 19th century it seems that Americans imbibed a pint of liquor every day. This was our way of life—perfectly normal. The Word of Wisdom was absolutely necessary to effect a break with these customs, for the coming forth of the kingdom in these days demanded it. Brigham Young said the older generation is too far gone. “We must begin with the younger generation. The older ones need it. They collapse without it. They must have their coffee, etc.” Ezra T. Benson said that this was a whole new way of life—a cultural revolution which the Saints have not yet accepted.

Brigham Young again: “When we first heard the revelation many of us thought that it consisted just of our drinking tea and coffee. But it is not just these things but every other evil that is calculated to contaminate this people. We should feel to thank the Lord that we have escaped thus far the contaminating influence of the Gentiles.” George Albert Smith said the same in the conference: “The Word of Wisdom sifts the people. They do not realize it. How carefully they are being tested. It’s a gradation, so to speak. It’s a cultural revolution. So also is their treatment of animals, etc.” And the same year (1855) Brigham Young again speaks: “The people have laid the foundation of short life through their diet, their rest, their labor, their doing this, that and the other in a wrong manner with improper motives at improper times.” “Let all things be in moderation” is what we have here. “Suppose I say, ‘Come wife, let’s have a good dinner today.’” Well, this is a Victorian tradition, you see. What does she get? “Pork and beef, stewed, roasted, fried, boiled, potatoes, cabbage, onions, turnips, eggs, custard, pies of all kinds, cheese and sweet meats. Now I admit that my wife and I sit down and overload our stomachs until we feel the deleterious effects of it from the crowns of our heads to the soles of our feet, eyeballs protruding and belts snapping and everything else.” Then he says, “The whole system is disturbed by its operations and is ready to receive heart disease. A child begotten under such conditions is liable to be born with a tabernacle subject to pain and distress. Will all hearken to this plain statement? No. You might as well talk to the wild geese that fly over us.”

In a speech given in Provo on the Word of Wisdom Brigham Young says. “It has been an organic part of the church teachings at all times. Like the temple garments, it is a protection. It is an admonition to wisdom, giving appetites, desires and passions within boundaries, and is to be considered with discretion. It is a protection from evil and designing men and from many things that can harm us.” These things are habit-forming.

Now I want to talk about a good example of religious hobbyism. In 1833 the Saints commenced to build a temple in Kirtland. A mere handful of Saints commenced that work, but they were full of faith and energy. In a few weeks some of them apostatized. The trials were too great, the troubles were too severe. For instance, a certain family having traveled a long journey arrived in Kirtland and the Prophet asked them to stop and stay with them until they could find their own place. Sister Emma, meanwhile, asked the old lady if she would have a cup of tea or coffee to refresh her after the fatigues of the journey. The whole family apostatized because they were invited to take a cup of tea or coffee after the Word of Wisdom was given. (After all, this was just a stimulant for an old lady. It wasn’t a coffee bust!)

Amasa Lyman once said, “The Word of Wisdom is just that. It conducts us in way of progress, which is a progressive repentance.” A workaholic is as culpable as the alcoholic. The positive side of it is, “Don’t overwork. Don’t get yourself exhausted so that you need stimulants. You must go to bed early and rise early. Let your minds and your bodies be rested. If you overwork, then you are breaking the Word of Wisdom because you are forcing yourself to fall back on these drugs to give you a pick up. The Word of Wisdom is nothing to flaunt before the world—it’s merely a means of assisting us in salvation and work for the human race.” In 1867 Brigham Young said, “The situation is not good in the church.” He reminds them that the Word of Wisdom is not a fetish. The Word of Wisdom is one thing, and ignorance, superstition or bigotry is another. Then again, he gives the story of an elder in Nauvoo who refused to administer to the sick when he saw a teapot in the house! (There was no tea in the teapot, only some herbs—they didn’t have Brigham tea at that time.) We had a friend who refused to use Carnation milk because it was advertised to be used with coffee. That’s being very puristic, isn’t it?

Erastus Snow at the same conference said, “Don’t make the Word of Wisdom a hobby to the exclusion of everything else so as to disgust people, but in the true spirit of the Gospel seek to bring the matter home to the hearts and understandings of the people. Feel after those who may be stupid or ignorant. Being instructed in these things is the important thing. (Stimulants and narcotics are even necessary sometimes, but this does not license their general use. Those who covenant have no option but to keep the Word of Wisdom.) Then he says, “Like money, it’s right to have pharmaceutics sufficient for our needs, but they can be poison if overdone. More than that, they can be deadly.” George Q. Cannon says, “Not only stimulants, but any extreme diet, any food fads, etc. And this goes for cholesterols, synthetics, sugar-free diets, all sorts of things like this.

“Having food and raiment, let us therefore be content,” says Paul to Timothy. We can get into trouble if we start overdoing things. Orson Pratt says that a man should not constrain his family to obey it, but every man will have to give an account of his doings. Man may keep the Word of Wisdom as far as tea and coffee and tobacco are concerned and still come very short. If he wishes and contends to be right he must convey this together with all the commandments of the Word of Wisdom, for if you keep the Word of Wisdom but don’t walk in obedience you will not receive health to the navel and marrow to the bones. That includes regulating our thoughts and all our doings.

In the sermons from the General Authorities from the beginning it becomes increasingly apparent that the Word of Wisdom is far more advanced than we have realized. Every time a new step is taken today we find that the Word of Wisdom anticipated it. An example: In 1870 Brigham Young said, “Why are these things so popular, and why are they bad? The narcotic spirits in these substances are the cause for their being so much liked by those who use them. They are habit-forming. Their most dangerous effects make them that.” Everything that we eat contains poisons, as far as that goes, but these are habit-forming. But the important thing, he says, is the state of mind. One must be sober and clear-headed to receive revelation. Narcotics of any kind beget delusion, unreality. That’s why we don’t indulge in any excesses. We don’t have the music, the lights, the colors, the incense, the bells, the organ and all this. Not in the temple. Cold, sober. It has to be like that. Orson Pratt says further, “Take the Word of Wisdom which is given for our benefit and our temporal salvation. It is true. Disobedience to it is not so gross as with some others, but still it is given for our temporal salvation and should be observed. We should preach it every two weeks so that this people is persuaded to hearken to it. And yet they know it is the will of the Lord. They go away after hearing the most glorious discourse upon this and other revelations and perhaps they will keep the Word of Wisdom for two or three days, but it makes their head ache, so they take a little tea, and it does them good for the moment, and it is such a trial! It must be a terrible trial, for the Lord said, “The weakest of all.”

The Word of Wisdom is necessary for unity and cooperation. It’s a form of common sense and honesty. Drugs, luxuries, self-indulgence, fashions and wealth: they all go together. The Word of Wisdom is simply a warning to beware of the world, and although it is a temporal revelation, the keeping of it will help us to keep the more eternal covenants we have made with our Heavenly Father.

Revelation in a Changing World

Elder Boyd K. Packer
Of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles

Boyd K. Packer, “Revelation in a Changing World,” Ensign, Nov 1989, 14

Following baptism, one is confirmed a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in a brief ordinance, during which there is conferred the gift of the Holy Ghost. Thereafter, all through life, men, women, even little children receive the right to inspired direction to guide them in their lives—personal revelation! (See Alma 32:23.)

The Holy Ghost communicates with the spirit through the mind more than through the physical senses. This guidance comes as thoughts, as feelings, through impressions and promptings. It is not always easy to describe inspiration. The scriptures teach us that we may “feel” the words of spiritual communication more than hear them, and see with spiritual rather than with mortal eyes. [See 1 Ne. 17:45.]

The patterns of revelation are not dramatic. The voice of inspiration is a still voice, a small voice. There need be no trance, no sanctimonious declaration. It is quieter and simpler than that.

The Book of Mormon teaches that “angels speak by the power of the Holy Ghost” (2 Ne. 32:3) and records that even though an angel spoke to some, they “were past feeling, that [they] could not feel his words” (1 Ne. 17:45; italics added).

If you have experienced inspiration, you understand.

Our physical body is the instrument of our spirit. In that marvelous revelation, the Word of Wisdom, we are told how to keep our bodies free from impurities which might dull, even destroy, those delicate physical senses which have to do with spiritual communication.

The Word of Wisdom is a key to individual revelation. It was given as “a principle with promise, adapted to the capacity of the weak and the weakest of all saints.” (D&C 89:3.)

The promise is that those who obey will receive “great treasures of knowledge, even hidden treasures.” (D&C 89:19.) If we abuse our body with habit-forming substances, or misuse prescription drugs, we draw curtains which close off the light of spiritual communication.

Narcotic addiction serves the design of the prince of darkness, for it disrupts the channel to the holy spirit of truth. At present the adversary has an unfair advantage. Addiction has the capacity to disconnect the human will and nullify moral agency. It can rob one of the power to decide. Agency is too fundamental a doctrine to be left in such jeopardy.

It is my conviction, and my constant prayer, that there will come through research, through inspiration to scientists if need be, the power to conquer narcotic addiction through the same means which cause it.

I plead with all of you to earnestly pray that somewhere, somehow, the way will be discovered to erase addiction in the human body.

It is not just human suffering, even human life, which is at risk; it is all of the personal and social and political and spiritual freedoms for which humanity has struggled for ages. At risk is all that was purchased by the blood of martyrs. Moral agency itself is in jeopardy! If we all pray fervently, the Lord will surely help us. And with those prayers, teach your children to obey the Word of Wisdom. It is their armor and will protect them from habits which obstruct the channels of personal revelation.

Things of the Spirit need not—indeed, should not—require our uninterrupted time and attention. Ordinary work-a-day things occupy most of our attention. And that is as it should be. We are mortal beings living in this physical world.

Spiritual things are like leavening. By measure they may be very small, but by influence they affect all that we do. Continuing revelation is fundamental to the gospel of Jesus Christ.

And I assure you that revelation attends our prophet President and those ordained as Apostles, as prophets, seers, and revelators. But revelation is not limited to them. The Lord desires that “every man might speak in the name of God the Lord, even the Savior of the world.” (D&C 1:20.)

All inspiration does not come from God. (See D&C 46:7.) The evil one has the power to tap into those channels of revelation and send conflicting signals which can mislead and confuse us. There are promptings from evil sources which are so carefully counterfeited as to deceive even the very elect. (See Matt. 24:24.)

Nevertheless, we can learn to discern these spirits. Even with every member having the right to revelation, the Church can be maintained as a house of order.

Revelation comes in an orderly way in the Church. We are entitled to personal revelation. However, unless we are set apart to some presiding office, we will not receive revelations concerning what others should do.

Revelation in the Church comes to those who have been properly called, sustained, ordained, or set apart. A bishop, for instance, will not receive any revelation concerning a neighboring ward, because that is out of his jurisdiction.

Occasionally someone will claim to have received authority to teach and bless without having been called and set apart. Less than a year after the Church was organized (February 1831), a revelation was received which the Prophet specified “embrac[ed] the law of the church.” It contains this verse:

“It shall not be given to any one to go forth to preach my gospel, or to build up my church, except he be ordained by some one who has authority, and it is known to the church that he has authority and has been regularly ordained by the heads of the church”. (D&C 42:11; italics added.)

That is why the process of sustaining those called to office is so carefully protected in the Church—that all might know who has authority to teach and to bless.

An unusual spiritual experience should not be regarded as a personal call to direct others. It is my conviction that experiences of a special, sacred nature are individual and should be kept to oneself.

Few things disturb the channels of revelation quite so effectively as those people who are misled and think themselves to be chosen to instruct others when they are not chosen.

Others, fearing they also might go astray, then hold back and do not seek the source of divine revelation. Obedience to constituted priesthood authority will protect us from going astray.

There are those within the Church who are disturbed when changes are made with which they disagree or when changes they propose are not made. They point to these as evidence that the leaders are not inspired.

They write and speak to convince others that the doctrines and decisions of the Brethren are not given through inspiration.

Two things characterize them: they are always irritated by the word obedience, and always they question revelation. It has always been so. Helaman described those who “began to disbelieve in the spirit of prophecy and in the spirit of revelation; and the judgments of God did stare them in the face.” (Hel. 4:23.) “They were left in their own strength” (Hel. 4:13), and “the Spirit of the Lord did no more preserve them; yea, it had withdrawn from them” (Hel. 4:24).

Changes in organization or procedures are a testimony that revelation is ongoing. While doctrines remain fixed, the methods or procedures do not.

For instance, when the editions of the scriptures were published, many corrections were made on the basis of original or printer’s manuscripts, some of which had not previously been available. For instance, in Alma chapter 16, verse 5, the word whether had appeared. [Alma 16:5] The original manuscript for that verse does not exist. However, when we found the printer’s copy, we saw that the Prophet Joseph Smith had changed the word to whither. Whether means “if”; whither means “where.” The next verse verifies whither to be correct.

Another example: in Alma chapter 32, verse 30, the words “sprouteth and beginneth to grow” occurred three times. [Alma 32:30] An obvious typesetting error left one of them out. In the 1981 edition, thirty-five words were restored. It now conforms to the original text.

There were many such changes. None altered the doctrine. Each change, however small in detail, was carefully and prayerfully considered and approved by the Council of the First Presidency and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles in a meeting in the temple.

All such matters are determined that way. The Lord established that process when He gave revelations relating to temple ordinances.

In 1841 the Saints were commanded to build a temple in Nauvoo in which to perform baptisms for the dead, and they were given time to do it. They would be rejected if they failed. He said:

“I command you, all ye my saints, to build a house unto me; …

“And if you do not these things at the end of the appointment ye shall be rejected as a church, with your dead, saith the Lord your God.” (D&C 124:31–32.)

The Saints did not fail. However impossible it may have seemed to them, given the terrible opposition they faced, the Lord promised to guide them through His appointed servants:

“If my people will hearken unto my voice, and unto the voice of my servants whom I have appointed to lead my people, behold, verily I say unto you, they shall not be moved out of their place.

“But if they will not hearken to my voice, nor unto the voice of these men whom I have appointed, they shall not be blest.” (D&C 124:45–46; italics added.)

Later, speaking on the same subject of temple ordinances, the Lord affirmed again that He will reveal His will to His authorized servants:

“For him to whom these keys are given there is no difficulty in obtaining a knowledge of facts in relation to the salvation of the children of men.” (D&C 128:11.)

That principle of revelation has been with the Church ever since. Those who hold the keys have obtained knowledge on what to do. When changes have come, they have come through that process. The Lord does as He said He would do:

“I, the Lord, command and revoke, as it seemeth me good.” (D&C 56:4.)

“I command and men obey not; I revoke and they receive not the blessing.” (D&C 58:32.)

He told the Saints that when enemies prevented them from keeping a commandment, he would no longer require them to do so. And he said:

“The iniquity and transgression of my holy laws and commandments I will visit upon the heads of those who hindered my work, unto the third and fourth generation, so long as they repent not.” (D&C 124:50.)

The gospel plan was revealed line upon line, precept upon precept, here a little, and there a little. And it goes on: “We believe that He will yet reveal many great and important things pertaining to the Kingdom of God.” (A of F 1:9.)

There will be changes made in the future as in the past. Whether the Brethren make changes or resist them depends entirely upon the instructions they receive through the channels of revelation which were established in the beginning.

The doctrines will remain fixed, eternal; the organization, programs, and procedures will be altered as directed by Him whose church this is.

We who have been called to lead the Church are ordinary men and women with ordinary capacities struggling to administer a church which grows at such a pace as to astound even those who watch it closely. Some are disposed to find fault with us; surely that is easy for them to do. But they do not examine us more searchingly than we examine ourselves. A call to lead is not an exemption from the challenges of life. We seek for inspiration in the same way that you do, and we must obey the same laws which apply to every member of the Church.

We are sorry for our inadequacies, sorry we are not better than we are. We can feel, as you can see, the effect of the aging process as it imposes limitations upon His leaders before your very eyes.

But this we know. There are councils and counselors and quorums to counterbalance the foibles and frailties of man. The Lord organized His church to provide for mortal men to work as mortal men, and yet He assured that the spirit of revelation would guide in all that we do in His name.

And in the end, what is given comes because the Lord has spoken it, “whether by [His] own voice or by the voice of [His] servants, it is the same.” (D&C 1:38.) We know His voice when He speaks.

Revelation continues with us today. The promptings of the Spirit, the dreams, and the visions and the visitations, and the ministering of angels all are with us now. And the still, small voice of the Holy Ghost “is a lamp unto [our] feet, and a light unto [our] path.” (Ps. 119:105.) Of that I bear witness, in the name of Jesus Christ, amen.